Lesson 9 - Grammar 2 - Passé composé (auxiliary avoir)
| Examples: |
|---|
| Qu'avez-vous fait pendant le week-end? |
| Avez-vous choisi votre dessert? |
A past tense called the Passé Composé is composed of the present of the auxiliary avoir (to have) or être (to be) followed by a past participle.
In this lesson, we are going to study the Passé Composé of the verbs conjugated with the auxiliary ‘avoir’. Here is a list of all such verbs which have occurred so far and the past participle form of each.
| Infinitive / Infinitif | Past participle / Participe passé | English / Anglais |
|---|---|---|
| accepter | accepté | to accept |
| acheter | acheté | to buy |
| aimer | aimé | to like, to love |
| appeler | appelé | to call |
| apporter | apporté | to bring |
| assurer | assuré | to insure |
| changer | changé | to change |
| chercher | cherché | to look for, to seek |
| commencer | commencé | to begin, to start |
| composer | composé | to compose, to dial |
| compter | compté | to count, to intend |
| couper | coupé | to cut |
| coûter | coûté | to cost |
| critiquer | critiqué | to criticize |
| décrocher | décroché | to pick up the receiver |
| déjeuner | déjeuné | to have lunch |
| demander | demandé | to ask |
| déposer | déposé | to drop off |
| déranger | dérangé | to bother, to disturb |
| désirer | désiré | to desire, to wish |
| donner | donné | to give |
| écouter | écouté | to listen |
| emporter | emporté | to take away, along |
| enregistrer | enregistré | to check in, to register, to record |
| envoyer | envoyé | to send |
| espérer | espéré | to hope |
| essayer | essayé | to try |
| exagérer | exagéré | to exaggerate |
| fermer | fermé | to close |
| geler | gelé | to freeze |
| habiter | habité | to reside, to live |
| laisser | laissé | to leave |
| laver | lavé | to wash |
| louer | loué | to rent |
| manquer | manqué | to miss |
| marcher | marché | to walk |
| montrer | montré | to show |
| neiger | neigé | to snow |
| nettoyer | nettoyé | to clean |
| oublier | oublié | to forget |
| parler | parlé | to speak |
| payer | payé | to pay |
| penser | pensé | to think |
| peser | pesé | to weigh |
| porter | porté | to carry |
| pousser | poussé | to push, to grow |
| présenter | présenté | to present, to introduce |
| prier | prié | to pray |
| quitter | quitté | to leave |
| raccrocher | raccroché | to hang up |
| recommander | recommandé | to recommend, to register |
| regarder | regardé | to look, to watch |
| remercier | remercié | to thank |
| réparer | réparé | to repair |
| repasser | repassé | to iron, to come back again |
| répéter | répété | to repeat |
| retrouver | retrouvé | to meet, to find again |
| réveiller | réveillé | to wake |
| risquer | risqué | to run the risk |
| téléphoner | téléphoné | to telephone |
| travailler | travaillé | to work |
| traverser | traversé | to cross |
| trouver | trouvé | to find |
| atterrir | atterri | to land |
| choisir | choisi | to choose |
| finir | fini | to finish |
| grandir | grandi | to grow up |
| grossir | grossi | to gain weight |
| maigrir | maigri | to lose weight |
| obéir | obéi | to obey |
| pâlir | pâli | to become pale |
| ralentir | ralenti | to slow down |
| remplir | rempli | to fill out, up |
| réussir | réussi | to succeed |
| rougir | rougi | to blush |
| suivre | suivi | to follow |
| vieillir | vieilli | to grow old, to get old |
| conduire | conduit | to drive, to lead |
| dire | dit | to tell, to say |
| traduire | traduit | to translate |
| comprendre | compris | to understand |
| mettre | mis | to put |
| permettre | permis | to allow |
| prendre | pris | to take |
| transmettre | transmis | to transmit |
| entendre | entendu | to hear |
| répondre | répondu | to answer |
| vendre | vendu | to sell |
| avoir | eu | to have |
| boire | bu | to drink |
| connaître | connu | to know |
| croire | cru | to believe, to think |
| devoir | dû | to have to, to owe |
| falloir | fallu | to have to, to be necessary |
| lire | lu | to read |
| plaire | plu | to please |
| pleuvoir | plu | to rain |
| pouvoir | pu | to be able to |
| recevoir | reçu | to receive |
| retenir | retenu | to reserve, to hold back |
| savoir | su | to know |
| voir | vu | to see |
| vouloir | voulu | to want |
| ouvrir | ouvert | to open |
| faire | fait | to do, to make |
| être | été | to be |
1. SP + avoir + past participle
| French / Français | English / Anglais |
|---|---|
| j'ai parlé |
I spoke / I've spoken |
| tu as parlé | you spoke / you've spoken (singular) |
| il a parlé (elle, on) | he spoke / he has spoken (she, one) |
| nous avons parlé | we spoke / we have spoken |
| vous avez parlé | you spoke / you've spoken (plural) |
| ils ont parlé (elles) | they spoke / they've spoken |
2. SP + ne + avoir + pas + past participle
| French / Français | English / Anglais |
|---|---|
| je n'ai pas parlé |
I didn't speak |
| tu n'as pas parlé | you didn't speak (singular) |
| il n'a pas parlé (elle, on) | he didn't speak (she, one) |
| nous n'avons pas parlé | we didn't speak |
| vous n'avez pas parlé | you didn't speak (plural) |
| ils n'ont pas parlé (elles) | they didn't speak |
3. avoir + SP + past participle?
| French / Français | English / Anglais |
|---|---|
| ai-je parlé? |
did I speak? |
| as- tu parlé? | did you speak? (singular) |
| a-t-il parlé? (elle, on) | did he speak? (she, one) |
| avons-nous parlé? | did we speak? |
| avez-vous parlé? | did you speak? (plural) |
| ont-ils parlé? (elles) | did they speak? |
4. ne + avoir + SP + pas + past participle?
| French / Français | English / Anglais |
|---|---|
| n'ai-je pas parlé? |
didn't I speak? |
| n'as- tu pas parlé? | didn't you speak? (singular) |
| n'a-t-il pas parlé? (elle, on) | didn't he speak? (she, one) |
| n'avons-nous pas parlé? | didn't we speak? |
| n'avez-vous pas parlé? | didn't you speak? (plural) |
| n'ont-ils pas parlé? (elles) | didn't they speak? |
Note : As we have indicated before in lesson 8, Grammar 1, some past participles are also used as adjectives:
| French / Français | English / Anglais |
|---|---|
| un paquet recommandé | a registered package |
As such, they follow the same rules as the adjectives and agree in gender and number with the noun they modify.
